Dogs
Dogs are omnivorous scavengers, but their slow hepatic metabolism makes them uniquely vulnerable to methylxanthines, alliums, and xylitol.
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Perfil toxicológico
Methylxanthine Sensitivity
Theobromine and caffeine are metabolized extremely slowly in dogs, causing cardiac arrhythmias and seizures. Dark chocolate can be lethal at doses as low as 100–150 mg/kg body weight.
Allium Toxicosis
Onions, garlic, leeks, and chives contain organosulfur compounds that oxidize red blood cells, producing Heinz-body hemolytic anemia. Symptoms can appear 3–5 days after a single large exposure.
Xylitol Hypoglycemia
Even small amounts of xylitol (found in sugar-free gum, baked goods, and peanut butter) trigger a massive insulin release, causing life-threatening hypoglycemia within 30–60 minutes.
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