Written and reviewed by licensed veterinarians.

Chief Veterinary Toxicologist

Board-certified veterinary toxicologist with over 18 years in clinical poison response, leading our editorial review of every food-safety verdict.

Veterinary Nutritionist

Diplomate of veterinary nutrition focused on species-appropriate diets and preventative feeding, and lead author of our dietary guidance.

Emergency & Critical Care

Emergency clinician who has managed thousands of acute poisoning cases, keeping our action steps grounded in frontline practice.

Avian & Exotic Medicine

Specialist in birds and exotic pets, advising on the species whose metabolism differs most sharply from cats and dogs.

Small Animal Internal Medicine

Internist with a research background in companion-animal gastroenterology and the long-term effects of dietary toxins.

Internal Medicine Specialist

European-board internist who reviews dose-response evidence and translates clinical studies into clear owner guidance.

Clinical Toxicology

Researcher in small-animal toxicology whose work on plant and food toxins underpins many of our toxic-dose figures.

Exotic Pet Medicine

Exotic-animal vet specializing in reptiles and small mammals, ensuring our herbivore and reptile entries reflect real husbandry.

Small Mammal Medicine

Clinician dedicated to rabbits, rodents and ferrets, reviewing the gut-sensitive species most affected by diet.

Veterinary Pharmacology

Pharmacologist who maps how toxic compounds are metabolised across species and verifies our mechanism-of-action notes.

Equine & Large Animal Medicine

Large-animal veterinarian focused on equine nutrition and the safe treats and toxic plants relevant to horses.

Companion Animal Nutrition

Nutrition researcher who studies feline and canine metabolism and reviews our serving-size and benefit guidance.