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Dogs are omnivorous scavengers, but their slow hepatic metabolism makes them uniquely vulnerable to methylxanthines, alliums, and xylitol.

As obligate carnivores, cats lack several detoxifying enzymes (notably glucuronidation), so many plant compounds safe for dogs are dangerous for them.

Rabbits are strict hindgut-fermenting herbivores; their delicate gut flora can be fatally disrupted by sugars, starches, and fats.

Birds have extremely fast metabolisms and air-sac respiratory systems, making them acutely sensitive to avocado (persin), caffeine, and chocolate.

Hamsters are omnivores with cheek pouches that can impact on sticky or sharp foods; their tiny body mass means even small toxic doses are significant.

Guinea pigs cannot synthesize their own vitamin C and are obligate herbivores, so diet must be high-fiber, low-sugar, and vitamin-C rich.

Reptile diets vary widely by species; calcium-to-phosphorus balance and oxalate/goitrogen load are the key safety concerns for herbivorous reptiles.

Horses are large hindgut fermenters prone to colic and laminitis; sudden sugar/starch loads and certain fruits with pits pose serious risks.

Fish need species-appropriate diets; overfeeding and fatty or starchy human foods quickly foul water and cause digestive disease.

Ferrets are obligate carnivores with very short digestive tracts; they cannot digest carbohydrates or fiber, and sugars can trigger insulinoma.